Ongoing
Being or Becoming: Imperial Nation-Building and Subjectivity of the Ethno-Religious Groups in the Russian and Ottoman Empires, 1850s–1910s
A comparative study of how the late Russian and Ottoman empires tried to make loyal subjects out of their ethno-religious communities, and how those communities answered. The project reads reform programmes, schooling and language policy alongside the writings of Muslim and Armenian intellectuals who had to decide what it meant to be, or to become, a subject of empire.